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| [Image: irrigate]Tune up Landscape Irrigation A properly designed and operated irrigation system will ensure that the critical factor of soil moisture will be there to sustain healthy plant growth. |
| [Image: vertical shaft engine]How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Engines One of the factors that most affects both the capability of a lawn/garden tractor, and the price, is the engine. |
| [Image: Granular Spreaders: Selection, Calibration, Testing, and Use (1999)]Granular Spreaders: Selection, Calibration, Testing and Use (1999) The information should make it easier for anyone using a fertilizer spreader to select an appropriate type of spreader and to obtain optimum performance from the selected spreader. This bulletin summarizes 24 years of design, study, research and teaching about fertilizer spreaders. (PDF format only) |
| [Image: belt drive to mower deck]How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Power To Implements A mower deck can’t cut grass unless it is connected to the tractor engine. This is usually done in one of two ways, with some possible permutations. |
| [Image: new compact tractor]Old Farm Tractors as Alternatives to Compact Utility Tractors Although there are some imported compact tractors available under $10,000, most compact tractors from major manufacturers are in the $10,000 – $20,000 range. Older farm tractors can be a less expensive alternative to compact tractors. |
| [Image: mower discharge chute]Safe Operation of Riding Mowers and Lawn/Garden Tractors Riding mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors, and garden tractors are large and powerful. They can be dangerous if not used safely. |
| [Image: chain guards on rear]Thrown Objects Safety With Rotary Cutters All rotary cutters are inherently dangerous. The thrown object hazard is not fully recognized by everyone, yet it can cause injury, blindness or even death. |
| [Image: hard chrome coating]Alternative to Hard Chrome for Hydraulic Cylinder Rods Hydraulic cylinder rods have traditionally been coated with highly polished hard chrome. This surface provides reasonable corrosion resistance and good sealing in hydraulic cylinders, but the material can corrode. An alternate approach now used on some new equipment, including loader cylinders on compact tractors, is a sprayed-on tungsten carbide coating. |
| Renting Lawn and Garden Equipment It is not necessary to buy all the equipment you need for your lawn and garden. In many cases, renting can be a practical option. |
| [Image: landscape bed shaper]Selection and Use of a Landscape Bedshaper Some companies now offer landscape bedshapers designed specifically to lay out and maintain landscape beds. These machines are generally heavier, more powerful and more versatile than turf edgers. |
| [Image: API symbol]Engine Oil for Lawn and Garden Equipment Oil is the lifeblood of any engine. Neglecting your oil can be a costly mistake. |
| [Image: spreader test stand]Spreader Setting Recommendations When you buy a bag of fertilizer or granular pesticide to spread on your lawn, it will usually have a label on the back of the bag with settings for several common fertilizer spreaders. Do you know where those settings come from, how they were developed or how reliable they are? |
| [Image: spreader pattern]Distribution Patterns from Homeowner Rotary Spreaders Some rotary spreaders can deliver a reasonably uniform distribution pattern with some products, but not with others, and some homeowner rotary spreaders don’t deliver a good pattern with any product. |
| [Image: left port closed]Rotary Spreaders With Pattern Cut-Off Rotary spreaders offer the advantages of wide, fast coverage and forgiving patterns, but they are not well suited to working along turf edges. Some spreaders offer a pattern cut-off mechanism to address this problem. |
| [Image: Lawn wheelie]An Easy Herbicide Sprayer That Works Like A Spreader Lawn fertilizers and pesticides are more easily applied as granules rather than liquids, but broadleaf herbicides need to be sprayed in many cases. A push-type walk-behind sprayer that resembles a spreader meets this need. |
| [Image: external fuel filter]Oil and Fuel Filters for Small Engines One of the most important things you can do to maintain your small engines and tractors is to service the oil and fuel filters as needed. |
| [Image: utility vehicle]Utility Vehicles Utility vehicles are popular and handy. They are making inroads on the use of ATVs for hunting and can also be used for many chores around a small acreage (or a large farm). Utility vehicles are somewhat similar to the small vehicles used on golf courses for decades, but use ATV components to provide more power and versatility.They aren’t cheap, but they are useful and fun to use. |
| [Image: ZTR mower]Zero Turning Radius Mowers for Home Lawns Zero Turning Radius mowers have separate hydraulic pumps driving the left and right tires, and each side is controlled separately. One tire can be turning forward while the other is turning in reverse, thus the mower can pivot around its own center. This feature allows amazing versatility in trimming while mowing. |
| [Image: air filter and prefilter]Zero Turning Radius Mower Maintenance Zero Turning Radius mowers, like all lawnmowers, operate in a dirty environment. Proper and regular maintenance is needed to keep your mower operating at top efficiency and minimize costly repairs and downtime. |
| [Image: ZTR mower with ROPS]Safety Standards for Commercial-size Riding Mowers Commercial-size riding mowers, including the popular zero turning radius mowers, are covered by a safety standard promulgated by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Even though many of these mowers are used by homeowners, those that are designed primarily for commercial use are considered commercial machines and they fall under a commercial mower standard. |
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| [Image: Installing sparkplug with torque wrench]Preparing Small Engines For Storage There are some simple steps you can take before storage to make your equipment easier to start when you need it again. |
| Self-Propelled Spreaders And Sprayers For Turfgrass A relatively new class of products in the commercial grounds maintenance industry is the self-propelled spreader and/or sprayer. This kind of equipment can potentially reduce the effort required to apply fertilizer or pesticides to lawns, but it comes at a substantial cost and will require some trade-offs in operating mode. |
| Turf Edgers Turfgrasses grow fast and aggressively in the South. If not edged back regularly, Southern turf will grow right over sidewalks, driveways, flower beds, etc. |
| Trimming And Edging Mechanically Compared With Herbicides There are two ways to trim and edge turfgrass around sidewalks, flower beds, trees, buildings, etc. You can trim the turfgrass mechanically with a string trimmer and/or an edger, or you can use a non-selective herbicide such as glyphosate (Roundup® and similar chemicals). |
| Selection And Use Of Hedge Trimmers Hedge trimmers are perhaps not as popular now as a few years ago. Many people now realize that it is healthier for plants to be selectively pruned rather than sheared. Nevertheless, there are some situations where shearing plants to shape is appropriate. A hedge trimmer is usually the best tool for the job. |
| String Trimmer Safety And Maintenance As with any power tool, string trimmers are capable of causing injury if not used in a safe manner. String trimmers will last much longer and give more trouble-free service if used and maintained properly. |
| Selecting And Using A String Trimmer A string trimmer is a useful addition to almost any gardener’s toolshed. |
| Loading Ramp Safety Loading equipment onto a truck or trailer usually requires the use of loading ramps. There are some safety issues involved in using ramps. |
| Protect Your Hydraulic Cylinders from Rust A common problem with hydraulic cylinders is rust and pitting of the cylinder rods. If equipment that incorporates hydraulic cylinders is stored outside with the cylinder rods extended, the rods are exposed to weathering. Eventually, the rods will begin to show specks of rust that develop into pits. Once rusting and pitting occur, the rod will destroy the cylinder seal the next time it is activated. |
| Rotary Tiller Safety and Maintenance To get the best performance and longevity from your tiller you need to properly maintain it. You also need to be aware of some of the dangers involved in using a tiller, and take steps to protect yourself and others. |
| Use of a Rotary Garden Tiller Whether you buy, rent or borrow a tiller, you will find that it has a wide range of uses. It can be a general purpose garden tool. |
| Selecting a Rotary Garden Tiller The right rotary tiller can make the job of gardening much easier, but if you choose the wrong tiller for the job, it can make your job more difficult. |
| Low Cost Zero Turning Radius Mowers for Home Lawns Zero-turning-radius mowers have taken over the commercial riding mower market. In the past, there were few low-cost models available to homeowners, but this has changed. Low-cost homeowner models are now available from several companies. |
| Ergonomics of Garden Tools and Equipment Factors such as price, performance and durability are important considerations in choosing garden tools and power equipment, but if a tool or machine is uncomfortable or awkward to use, you will regret buying it. The interaction between you and the tool or machine is called ergonomics. |
| How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Cost and Life Two questions of interest to prospective purchasers are: How much do riding mowers and small tractors in the various classes cost and how long can I expect one to last? |
| Using a Hay Baler to Pick Up Plastic Mulch Many growers pick up plastic mulch but several machines are available for this job. Work at the LSU AgCenter has demonstrated that, in some cases, plastic mulch can be picked up by a hay baler. |
| Chainsaw Selection Chainsaws are popular homeowner tools. When selecting a chainsaw, consider the power requirements and safety features. |
| Chainsaw Safety Although chainsaws are handy, they are potentially dangerous and must be used carefully to avoid serious injury. |
| Chainsaw Maintenance Chainsaws tend to require more maintenance than most other lawn and garden equipment. Proper maintenance will not only prolong the life of the saw and make it easier to start but will also make your work easier. |
| Metric Units on Lawn and Garden Equipment Some grounds maintenance equipment is designed with metric components. This has some ramifications for service and parts. |
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| Will an ASAE Standard Quick Hitch Fit? The advantages of an ASAE standard quick hitch include faster, easier and safer hitching. To use a ASAE standard quick hitch, the implement hitch geometry must conform to the ASAE standard. |
| Tires for Compact Utility Tractors Three types of rear tires are available for compact utility tractors, and at least five types are available for the front. The different types of tires serve different purposes. You can select agricultural tires for general farming, turf tires for use on turfgrass, or compromise with an industrial tread. |
| Do You Need a Power Lawnmower? If you have a small lawn and are willing to get a little exercise while mowing, a good manual push mower can be a good alternative to a powered mower. |
| Lawnmowers - Mulch, Bag, or Throw Walk-behind rotary lawnmowers can handle clippings in one of three ways: they can mulch them, bag them or discharge them to the side. Some mowers can do any of the three with minimal adjustment. Any of the three modes can be useful in some situations. |
| Safe Use of Lawnmowers Walk-behind home lawnmowers are covered by safety standards and regulations, but the real responsibility for safety rests with you, the operator. |
| Rescue Your Lawnmower or Other Small Engine After a Flood Many lawnmowers, string trimmers, leaf blowers, and other lawn and garden equipment with small engines were inundated during the flooding from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In many cases, that equipment can be salvaged. |
| Implements for Compact Utility Tractors The tractor by itself is of limited use. The tractor furnishes the power, but the implements allow the tractor to do useful work. Varied implements are available for compact tractors from both the tractor manufacturers and short-line manufacturers. |
| What Equipment Manufacturers Do To Reduce Rust Farm and grounds maintenance equipment is often exposed to rain, high humidity, fertilizer, pesticides and corrosive plant materials (such as grass clippings). The manufacturers of that equipment have taken steps to try to protect the equipment and reduce the potential for corrosion. |
| Busting Rust -- 10 Things You Can Do To Prevent Farm Machinery from Corroding While equipment companies are doing their part to reduce corrosion of tractors and farm equipment, how well you maintain your machinery will determine its useful life. Here are some rust prevention tips. |
| Adjusting Finishing Mowers Finish (or grooming) mowers typically have (two or) three blades and are designed for quality mowing of turfgrass. They are not designed to cut tall, weedy grass. They have multiple gage wheels and rollers that allow a relatively low cutting height with minimal scalping. |
| Adjusting Mid-Mount Tractor Mowers Mid-mount mowers for lawn, garden, and compact tractors typically have (two or) three blades and are designed for quality mowing of turfgrass. They are not designed to cut tall, weedy grass. They have multiple gage wheels and rollers that allow a relatively low cutting height with minimal scalping. |
| Adjusting Rotary Cutters Many people use a rotary cutter (often referred to by the copyrighted name “Bush Hog”) to cut grass and weeds, but, in too many cases, the implement is not correctly adjusted. This can cause premature wear, poor quality of cut, and an excessive power requirement. |
| Leaf Blowers – Good or Bad? In many neighborhoods, the roar of lawnmowers has been joined by the howl of leaf blowers. "The primary complaint with leaf blowers is noise," says Dr. Dick Parish, an engineer at the LSU AgCenter’s Hammond Research Station. |
| PTO Generators for Tractors Although most people opt for small engine-driven generators, there are some real advantages to a generator that connects to a tractor power-take-off (PTO). |
| Calibrating Your Lawn Spreader To obtain the best results from your granular fertilizers and pesticides, you have to apply them at the correct rate. One easy step you can take to help assure that your spreader delivers the correct rate of material is to calibrate your spreader. |
| Applying Controlled-release Fertilizer Most turf fertilizers contain controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer. There are two types of controlled-release fertilizer and one type can be damaged by your spreader. |
| Avoid Right-angle Patterns with Rotary Spreaders Some spreader experts and some spreader and granular material operating instructions advise you to go over your lawn twice when spreading fertilizer or granular products, with the two trips over the lawn made at right angles to each other. Don’t do it! |
| Garden Tool Handles With Interchangeable Heads Most garden tools have fixed handles. Some tools, however, are available as separate handle and toolhead components that can be interchanged. |
| For More Information on Lawn Spreaders The more you learn about lawn spreaders, the more you realize how complicated they really are. The LSU AgCenter has published a bulletin that summarizes 24 years of research on spreaders. |
| Hand-cranked Spreaders In some situations, a hand-cranked spreader is more practical than a wheeled model. When spreading granules in nurseries, beds of flowers and ornamentals, and other restricted areas, a wheeled spreader can be difficult or impossible to use. Hand- or strap-carried, hand-cranked spreaders are a viable option in such cases. |
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| How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Transmissions There are three primary transmission systems used in riding mowers and the various classes of mowing tractors. |
| Lawnmower Safety Standards When you buy a walk-behind lawnmower, you benefit from safety standards and regulations from two sources: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). |
| Raking Pine Straw Pine straw makes an excellent mulch and is much in demand for landscaping. If you own some land with pine trees, you can easily rake your own pine straw. |
| Safety With Electric Tools Electric tools eliminate the fire hazards associated with gasoline, but introduce the hazard of electric shock or electrocution. There are some steps you can take to improve the safety of electric tools. |
| Garden Seeders If you grow a vegetable garden, you probably get tired of bending over placing seeds in a furrow. Perhaps you are also tired of making the planting furrow and then covering it over and tamping. If so, you might be interested in one of the garden seeders on the market. |
| Trenching and Ditching Depending on the type of ditch or trench you need and the size of the job, you have many choices of available tools. All of the do-it-yourself methods involve hard work, but some are not as hard as others. |
| An Easy Way to Care For Your Garden Tools Garden tools will last longer if we take good care of them, but it can be a real bother to do so. A simple trick will make it much easier for you to keep your shovels, hoes, trowels, etc. clean and protected. |
| Dirt Scoop for Compact Tractors A dirt scoop is a handy attachment for small tractors. It will allow you to dig, move, and dump small quantities of soil, gravel, sand, or other materials much easier than you can do with a shovel and wheelbarrow and much less expensively than with a front-end loader on your tractor. |
| Air Filters for Small Engines One of the most important things you can do to maintain your small engines is to service the air filters as needed. |
| What Is Your Spark Plug Trying to Tell You? Carefull examination of the spark plug(s) can yield insights into other maintenance needs on your engine. |
| Choosing the Right Grease Putting the correct grease in your grease gun and using it religiously can prolong the life of your equipment. |
| Picking Up Lawn Waste Maintaining quality turfgrass sometimes requires that lawn waste be picked up. This trash can include leaves, pine needles and grass clippings as well as twigs, seed pods from trees and pine cones. |
| Selecting Pruning Shears Pruning shears come in two basic styles and in a wide range of sizes and price ranges. |
| Safe Handling of Gasoline One of the most hazardous substances most of us have to deal with is gasoline. We tend to take it for granted since it is so common and familiar, but we should pay it more respect. |
| Use of Stump Grinders Several models of small walk-behind stump grinders are aimed at homeowners, rental use and smaller professional operations. Most are reasonably safe if used carefully, but a few are not safe no matter how they are used. |
| Mounting a Hydraulic Cylinder to Replace the Upper Link on a Tractor 3-point Hitch These photos and drawings show how to use an ASAE standard 3" x 8" hydraulic cylinder to provide a power-adjustable upper link for a tractor 3-point hitch. |
| Lift Boom for Tractor 3-pt Hitch One of the handiest implements you can put on your tractor is a lift boom for the 3-point hitch. In some areas these are called boom poles or gin poles. |
| Overturn Protection for Compact Utility Tractors Compact utility tractors are small diesel tractors with less than 40 horsepower. All current models come equipped with two important safety features: a rollover protective structure (ROPS) and a seatbelt. These two safety components can go a long way toward protecting you in case of an overturn - if you use them. |
| Remove That Loader Bucket! Removing the bucket from the front-end loader on your tractor is very easy (on newer loaders) and makes your tractor much more maneuverable. You should develop the habit of removing the loader bucket whenever you use your tractor for mowing, tilling, etc. |
| Safety With Post Hole Diggers Post hole diggers mounted on tractors and powered by the tractors’ PTO shafts are useful tools for setting posts, planting trees, and other uses, but they can cause serious injury if not used correctly. The Farm Equipment Manufacturers Association (FEMA) is an organization whose members manufacture post hole diggers. They have developed some guidelines to help you use their products more safely. |
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| Wear That Seat Belt! All compact tractors currently sold have Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS), and most larger zero-turn mowers now have this safety feature also. A ROPS that is properly designed and used can prevent serious injury in most overturn accidents. One of the most important considerations in ROPS protection is to wear your seatbelt. |
| A Simple Hand Spreader for Gardens A simple hand spreader is often the best tool for applying granular fertilizer or pesticides. |
| Zero Turning Radius Mowers: Selection, Use, Maintenance & Safety This publication is intended to help you select the correct zero turning radius mower for your purpose, then use it and maintain it correctly and safely. (PDF Format Only) |
| Hydraulic Cylinder to Replace Upper Link on Tractor 3-Point Hitch A tractor 3-point hitch is handy and versatile. The upper link of a 3-point hitch is a turnbuckle that allows adjustment of the angle of the implement on the hitch. It is possible to replace this link with a hydraulic cylinder. |
| What Type of Digging Tool is Best for You? You have many choices when it comes to shovels. The type you need depends on the job you have to do. |
| How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Where To Buy You will save money in the short run at discount stores and mass merchandisers. You will pay more but get better quality equipment and service with dedicated lawn and garden dealers or farm equipment dealers. |
| Safety When Driving Equipment Onto Trailers Loading equipment onto trailers and trucks presents a safety challenge. Loading the right way can reduce the risk of overturn and operator injury. |
| Selecting a Walk-behind Professional Rotary Spreader Most professional applicators use rotary spreaders. Rotary spreaders are not only faster than drop spreaders, but are more forgiving of small errors in swath width. |
| Maintenance of Lawn Spreaders A good lawn spreader is a precision tool and should be treated accordingly. Your lawn spreader doesn’t need a great deal of time-consuming maintenance, but a few simple steps can preserve the life and precision of your spreader. |
| Fertilizer Spreaders - Metal or Plastic Some high-quality plastic spreaders have precision equivalent to the better homeowner metal spreaders. There is a tremendous difference in performance among brands and models. |
| Sensitivity of Spreaders to Operating Speed People tend to walk at different speeds. When you are pushing a spreader, this difference in walking speed can cause problems. |
| Pendulum-action Spreaders Rotary broadcast spreaders offer many advantages for turf professionals. There are also some disadvantages including pattern skewing and the need to develop pattern settings for each product to center the pattern. Pendulum-action spreaders overcome those problems. |
| Suspension Systems for Mower Decks on Lawn and Garden Tractors Mid-mount rotary mower decks are common on lawn tractors, garden tractors, subcompact tractors and smaller compact utility tractors. There are two ways that these decks can be mounted, and the mounting method affects adjustment and operation. |
| Mow Like a Pro Varying your mowing pattern can cause you to spend a little more time mowing, but the result will be a greatly improved appearance in your turfgrass. |
| Leaf Blowers: Good or Bad? Leaf blowers are efficient, useful tools that annoy some people. Be aware of the problem, and use your leaf blower responsibly to avoid losing the privilege. |
| Leaf Blowers: Selection, Use and Safety Electrical units are fine for small lawns, gasoline hand-held units are the best choice for larger home sites and backpack blowers are a good choice for professional users. |
| Quick Hitches for Compact Utility Tractors Many implements are available for rear mounting on compact utility tractors, including mowers of various types, tillers, angle blades, box blades, cultivators, bedders and rakes. These machines add versatility to your tractor, but mounting them to the tractor’s 3-point hitch can be a hassle. A quick hitch can make your job much easier. |
| Safety Standards for Riding Mowers and Small Tractors Riding mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors, and garden tractors are covered by several safety standards that are designed to protect you, the operator. |
| Adjusting Finishing Mowers Finishing (or grooming) mowers typically have (two or) three blades and are designed for quality mowing of turfgrass. They have multiple gage wheels and rollers that allow a relatively low cutting height with minimal scalping. |
| How To Choose a Lawn/Garden Tractor - Quality Versus Price Do you get what you pay for when buying a mowing tractor? There is certainly a wide range of prices; in fact, you can easily pay twice as much for a lawn tractor at a major farm equipment dealer as you would pay for a lawn tractor with the same horsepower and mowing width at a discount store. What do you get for the additional money? |
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